🏗 Existing Building ZEB Retrofit

Toward People-First Buildings That Balance Comfort and Environment

From ZEB feasibility studies to design support, subsidy applications, and performance verification — one-stop support for existing building ZEB retrofits.

We prioritize occupant health, comfort, and productivity — not just energy certification numbers. Our approach delivers Human Centric ZEB.
🔄 Existing Building ZEB Retrofit
The most effective choice for Whole Life Carbon reduction
ZEB retrofit achieves greater CO₂ reduction than demolition and rebuild, and is often more economical over the building's lifetime.
  • End-to-end support from feasibility to operations
  • Subsidy programs to reduce costs
  • Occupied-building retrofit capability

Prioritizing ZEB achievement alone — reducing ventilation, undersizing HVAC, dimming lights — degrades comfort, health, and intellectual productivity. We conduct all analyses with health and comfort as prerequisites. Our goal is people-first "comfortable and healthy" spaces, not endurance-based energy savings.

ROADMAP

Roadmap for Existing Building ZEB Retrofit

The ZEB retrofit process progresses from building selection through feasibility study, design, construction, and post-completion operations. Click each step to see details.

1Building
Selection
2Feasibility
Study
3Plan
Approval
4Design
5Construction
6Operations

1 Building Selection

Assess equipment condition and building usage to select suitable candidates for ZEB retrofit. Buildings with planned HVAC system renewal within 5 years are ideal. Using our Simple Economic Analysis Tool in advance helps facilitate stakeholder discussions.

2 ZEB Feasibility Study

A detailed investigation of current energy performance and equipment condition to develop a concrete retrofit plan. This is the most critical step, including economic analysis, scheduling, and comfort verification — the first step toward ZEB realization.

* Study details are explained in the sections below.

3 Plan Approval and Communication

Reach consensus among all stakeholders and share the plan. Economic analysis comparing ZEB retrofit vs. standard renovation serves as critical evidence for decision-making.

4 Design

Carry out detailed retrofit design and obtain ZEB certification (BELS). We advise designers on ZEB requirements, calculate primary energy consumption using the Standard Input Method, and verify ZEB compliance through any design changes.

5 Construction and ZEB Performance Management

Select contractors and execute construction. We prepare bid documents to ensure energy performance matches the design, and verify ZEB compliance through any construction changes. For occupied-building retrofits, we maximize use of extended breaks such as summer holidays.

6 Post-Completion Verification and Operations

Verify ZEB performance is maintained in as-built documentation. Develop proper equipment operation policies and use BEMS-based data analysis to improve indoor comfort and achieve decarbonization.


OUR SUPPORT

Our Support Services

From feasibility studies to design support, subsidy applications, performance verification, and operations — available as comprehensive or partial services.

ZEB Feasibility Study

Assess current building conditions and propose specific retrofit measures, economic and environmental performance analysis, subsidy utilization, and implementation schedules.

Design Support

Advise designers on ZEB requirements, calculate primary energy consumption from detailed design to verify ZEB compliance. Handle energy code compliance and BELS applications.

Bid Document Preparation

Prepare bid documents to ensure construction achieves the designed energy performance, incorporating special conditions for subsidy programs.

Construction Supervision Support

Post-award equipment verification, ZEB performance checks during design changes, and advisory on modifications to maintain ZEB compliance.

Subsidy Program Support

End-to-end support from subsidy application to final reporting. We handle programs from the Ministry of Environment, METI, MEXT, and others.

Performance Verification (Cx) & Operations

Verify that energy, environmental, and functional performance are achieved as designed. Comprehensive support from BEMS implementation to operational optimization.


WHY RETROFIT

Why Existing Building ZEB Retrofit Matters

ZEB retrofit of existing buildings achieves greater CO₂ reduction than demolition and new construction. New builds generate significant CO₂ from construction and demolition, which retrofit avoids.

Whole Life Carbon (WLC) Comparison

A case study comparing WLC (total CO₂ emissions from material manufacturing, construction to demolition). Compare scenarios by average WLC (kg-CO₂/m²/year). Switch building lifetime using the tabs.

ZEB Retrofit41% reduction
5.0
33.5
54.8
93.7kg-CO₂/m²/yr
Demolish & Rebuild27% reduction
17.0
43.0
54.8
115.7kg-CO₂/m²/yr
Continue As-Is(Baseline)
49.1
109.0
158.5kg-CO₂/m²/yr
ZEB Retrofit41% reduction
5.0
33.5
54.8
93.7kg-CO₂/m²/yr
Demolish & Rebuild30% reduction
12.8
43.0
54.8
111.2kg-CO₂/m²/yr
Continue As-Is(Baseline)
49.1
109.0
158.5kg-CO₂/m²/yr
Material Manufacturing & Construction Material, Renewal, Renovation & Maintenance Operations (Utilities) Demolition

Whether over 60 or 80 years, ZEB retrofit achieves dramatically higher CO₂ reduction than new construction. ZEB retrofit is the most effective choice for decarbonization.

Source: Based on J-CAT registered user seminar Session 4 (June 26, 2024). Retrofit construction emissions included in Material Manufacturing & Construction. 80-year figures are estimates.


COMPARISON

Standard vs. ZEB Renovation: Differences & Economics

Comparing simple equipment replacement (standard renovation) with comfort-enhancing ZEB retrofit.

Standard Renovation

Replace aging equipment with equivalent capacity
  • Lower initial costs compared to ZEB retrofit
  • Moderate energy savings from efficiency improvements
  • Future energy regulation and utility cost risks remain
  • Similar expenditure likely at next equipment renewal

ZEB Retrofit

Enhance comfort while achieving ZEB certification
  • Cost reduction possible with subsidy adoption
  • Continuous reduction in utility and maintenance costs
  • Improved comfort, health, and intellectual productivity
  • Downsizing can reduce next renewal costs

ZEB Economic Evaluation Criteria (Guide)

ZEB Retrofit Total CostZEB retrofit cost + maintenance & utilities (remaining building life)
<
Standard Renovation Total CostStandard renovation cost + maintenance & utilities (remaining building life)

Insulation lasts the building's lifetime, but HVAC, lighting, etc. need renewal every ~15 years. To understand ZEB retrofit's true value, long-term lifecycle cost analysis including equipment renewal is essential. Individual cases vary significantly based on operational conditions, unit costs, and renewal plans.


FEASIBILITY STUDY

What is a ZEB Feasibility Study?

A study examining the feasibility of ZEB retrofit from both technical and economic perspectives. It clarifies barriers to ZEB realization and increases feasibility.

1

Current Assessment

Document building envelope performance and equipment status with energy consumption data

2

ZEB Planning

Develop strategies combining equipment, envelope, and renewable energy to achieve BEI targets

3

Health & Comfort

Ensure proper ventilation, HVAC, and lighting performance with occupant comfort as prerequisite

4

Economic Analysis

Calculate energy savings, CO₂ reduction, payback period, and cost-effectiveness including subsidies

5

Schedule

Assess occupied-retrofit feasibility and organize timeline including subsidy program schedules

⚠ Note: Prioritizing ZEB achievement alone — reducing ventilation, undersizing HVAC, dimming lights — degrades comfort, health, and productivity. This study ensures health and comfort as prerequisites.

Study Process

Standard flow assuming buildings of 1,000-10,000㎡. Duration varies by building scale and study scope.

1

Document Review

0.5 months
Review drawings and energy consumption data

2

Site Survey

0.5-5 days
Verify equipment status and drawing discrepancies

3

Current Assessment

0.5-1 month
Calculate current BEI

4

ZEB Retrofit Plan

2-4 months
HVAC load, illuminance calculations, ZEB plan development

5

Standard Renovation Plan

0.5-1.5 months
Develop standard renovation plan for comparison

6

Cost Estimate

1-2 months
Calculate estimated costs for both plans

7

Report

0.5-1 month
Economic comparison and report compilation

Study Deliverables

The following deliverables are provided. These are preliminary study-level documents, not finalized specifications for detailed design or construction.

1
Report

Study report including economic analysis (ZEB retrofit vs. standard renovation comparison)

2
BEI Calculation Results

Current and post-retrofit BEI calculations using Standard Input Method

3
BEI Calculation Excel File

Editable calculation spreadsheet

4
Equipment Documents

Schematic equipment layout, equipment list, estimated piping/duct routes

5
HVAC Load Calculation Results

Heating/cooling load calculations after insulation and total heat exchange ventilation

6
Illuminance Calculation Results

Illuminance distribution simulation after lighting retrofit

7
Subsidy Program Comparison

List and comparison of available subsidy programs

8
Cost Estimates

Estimated construction costs for ZEB retrofit and standard renovation

9
Implementation Schedule

Timeline from subsidy application through design and construction


QUALITY

Ensuring a High-Quality ZEB Feasibility Study

To systematically advance ZEB retrofit, it is essential to thoroughly investigate the building's current energy performance and challenges. A feasibility study identifies energy, cost, and comfort issues in advance, facilitating stakeholder consensus and increasing project success rates.
A high-quality feasibility study is critically important for existing building ZEB retrofit.

Impact of Study Quality

✓ High-Quality Study Results

Realistic and economical retrofit plans with concrete schedules. Includes economic analysis to support stakeholder consensus.

✗ Low-Quality Study Results

Unrealistic retrofit plans without economic analysis or schedules. Does not contribute to ZEB realization.

To avoid low-quality results, proposal-based selection is recommended for consultant selection. However, clients also need knowledge to select consultants capable of delivering high-quality results, which is often challenging.

Existing Building ZEB Feasibility Study Specification (Free Download)

To ensure feasibility studies contribute to ZEB realization, we have developed a comprehensive specification covering all necessary study contents: "Existing Building ZEB Feasibility Study Specification". Faithfully implementing the contents described here is important for increasing ZEB feasibility.Can be used directly as common specifications for proposals.

Download Specification (PDF) →


SELECTION

Selecting Buildings for ZEB Feasibility Studies

Selecting appropriate buildings is essential to maximize the effectiveness of feasibility studies.

✓ Suitable Building Criteria

  • Full equipment renewal planned within 5 years (especially major HVAC systems)
  • Building management is receptive to equipment renewal

✗ Buildings to Avoid

  • Buildings undergoing only partial renovation (ZEB is typically per-building
  • Buildings without as-built drawings
  • Tenant-occupied (non-owner)
  • Buildings where minimizing initial renovation cost is the top priority

* Buildings over 10,000㎡ can be evaluated by building use category. ZEB retrofit initial costs are typically higher than standard renovation even with subsidies, but lifecycle costs (LCC) are often lower.


DOCUMENTS

Required Documents

Documents to prepare for study commencement. Consult us even if data is incomplete — site surveys and equipment registries may supplement missing information.

Architectural Drawings

  • RequiredFloor plans, elevations, and sections for each floor
  • RequiredDetail drawings or finish schedules showing envelope specifications
  • RequiredMEP drawings (HVAC, ventilation, lighting, plumbing)
  • If availableStructural calculations (for solar panel feasibility)

Energy & Equipment Data

  • RequiredMonthly energy consumption and costs by type (1-3 years)
  • If availableMonthly water usage and costs
  • If availableEquipment list (model, capacity, year)
  • If availableEquipment settings and inspection records
  • If availablePast energy efficiency and renovation records
  • If availableEquipment operation schedule

Basic Building Information

  • NeededBuilding summary (use, floor area, structure, completion year)
  • NeededOperational info (business hours, occupancy, etc.)
  • If availableCurrent issues (too hot/cold/dark, etc.)
  • RequiredArrange site survey escort personnel

SUBSIDY

Subsidy Programs for ZEB Feasibility Studies

Subsidy programs are available to support feasibility study costs. We provide end-to-end support from application to reporting.

Ministry of Environment

Commercial Building Stock CO₂ Reduction Retrofit Study SupportSubsidy rate: 1/2, max ¥1M

Direct subsidy for studying ZEB feasibility and CO₂ reduction potential. Reports can be used for next year's retrofit subsidy applications.

Key requirements: ZEB Planner involvement / BEI calculation / Disclosure of technical, design, and cost data

METI

ZEB Diagnosis & Plan Development SupportDetails to be announced

Part of the Housing & Building Supply-Demand Integrated Energy Efficiency program. Supports ZEB diagnosis and retrofit planning costs for existing buildings.

Key requirements: ZEB Planner involvement / ZEB plan submission / Data provision and disclosure

* Subsidy rates may change annually. Selection and disbursement are not guaranteed.


CASE STUDIES

ZEB Feasibility Study Case Studies

Government OfficeKoriyama, Fukushima

Koriyama City Hall West Building

SRC (partially steel) / 8F + B1 / Approx. 16,000㎡ / Built 1993

Scope

Drawing review, site survey, transient HVAC load calculation, equipment/envelope retrofit strategy, economic/schedule analysis, cost estimation (with/without solar scenarios)

Key Measures Evaluated

HVAC renewal (GHP, etc.), vacuum glass windows, chamber ceiling insulation, rooftop waterproofing

Health CenterHitachinaka, Ibaraki

Hitachinaka Lifelong Health Center

RC / 3F / Approx. 4,000㎡ / Built 1990

Scope

BPI/BEI calculation (Standard Input), ZEB vs standard renovation comparison, HVAC load, illuminance, economics/LCC, subsidy analysis

Key Measures Evaluated

Vacuum glass, total heat exchange ventilation (CO₂ control), LED with daylight/occupancy sensors

Community FacilityKotoura, Tottori

Kotoura Akasaki Community Center

RC+Steel / Approx. 3,000㎡ / Branch office + multipurpose hall, library, etc.

Scope

BPI/BEI calculation (Standard Input), multi-plan comparison, cost estimates, funding (subsidies/bonds), schedules, and maintenance

Key Measures Evaluated

High-efficiency HVAC, total heat exchange ventilation, LED with sensors, insulated windows, solar PV

Airport TerminalConfidential

Airport Terminal Building

Steel / Approx. 10,000㎡

Scope

BEI/BPI calculation (Standard Input), realistic target setting (ZEB Ready to Nearly), equipment plans, cost estimation

Key Measures Evaluated

Vacuum glass, central plant to VRF conversion, total heat exchange ventilation, LED with sensors, solar PV


FREE TOOLS

Free Tools & Resources

Use these before a formal feasibility study for planning, budgeting, and stakeholder communication.

Free Web Tool

ZEB Retrofit Simple Economic Analysis Tool

Enter minimal information (climate zone, floor area, area ratios) to compare standard vs. ZEB retrofit cumulative costs with payback estimates. Fully web-based, no site survey needed.

Use the Tool →
Free PDF Resource

ZEB Feasibility Study Standard Specification

Comprehensive standard specification for high-quality feasibility studies. Can be used directly as common specifications for proposals.

Download →

FAQ

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I consult even if we haven't decided to pursue ZEB yet?

Yes. A feasibility study is the first step in determining whether ZEB is viable. Simply share the building use, floor area, and location.

Can I proceed without complete drawings or energy data?

Yes. On-site surveys and equipment registry checks can supplement missing data. Please consult with us regardless.

Can you assess whether renovation is possible while the building remains occupied?

Yes. We assess occupied-building retrofit feasibility, required closure scope, and phased renovation approaches.

Can you handle design and subsidy support after the study?

Yes. ZEB Corporation provides comprehensive support including feasibility studies, planning, design, subsidy programs, BELS/ZEB certification, construction-phase performance management, and operations.

What information should I provide for an initial estimate?

Building use, total floor area, location, year of construction, and current equipment status are most helpful for an initial consultation.


Contact Us to Get Started

A ZEB feasibility study is the first step toward subsidy applications and retrofit planning.
We serve buildings of any size and use.
Study fees are quoted based on floor area, building use, and location.

End-to-end from survey to report Subsidy application support Post-study design consultation Free initial consultation
Contact Us
ZEB Corporation | TEL: 086-201-1894 | E-mail: [email protected]
Registered ZEB Planner (No. ZEB2023P-00138)